Juliet’s speech in Act 4, Scene 3 Essay

Juliet’s discourse in Act 4, Scene 3, loaded up with much great Shakesperean symbolism, is a defining moment in the play for Juliet in which she grapples with the contentions throughout her life and afterward at last goes to a choice. It envelops all the significant subjects in the play and numerous thoughts all meet up without precedent for this section. As a matter of first importance, this discourse manages dread, of what will occur in the event that she takes the mixture and of what will occur on the off chance that she doesn’t. Besides, it concerns time, explicitly the common night and murkiness theme. Thirdly, it talks about adoration and passing, the two significant differentiating topics. Finally, it presents or reintroduces different alternate extremes, for example, reality versus appearance, which was the significant illustration in Juliet’s prior discourse. In the event that one needed to sum up this discourse in only a couple of words, one would state it was an inward monolog about dread, in which Juliet stresses over all the potential issues that could happen to her. At the point when she says â€Å"I have a black out virus dread rushes through my veins, that nearly freezes up the warmth of life†, she is stating that she has an awful inclination something terrible will happen that may bring about death. She even says, â€Å"God knows when we will meet again† which shows that she isn’t sure what horrendous outcomes there might be from drinking the mixture. At first she stresses â€Å"What in the event that it don't work at all?† and that she’ll need to â€Å"be wedded then to-morrow morning† with Paris. At that point, she becomes apprehensive that it’s a toxic substance, which the monk â€Å"subtly hath minister’d to have me dead† so he ought not be rebuffed for wedding her to Romeo. Next, she fears that she ought to stir before Romeo shows up. Here, she envisions herself â€Å"stifled in the vault†, as such that she bites the dust suffocated on the grounds that there is no â€Å"healthsome air†, or terrified to death due to â€Å"the fear of the place†, and being â€Å"packed† in the midst of â€Å"the bones of all my covered ancestors†, including Tybalt. From that point forward, she imagines the spirits she has listened to anecdotes about coming to frequent her at the memorial park. Ultimately, she stresses she’s going to go insane and, in her franticness, murder herself. This is clearly anticipating, especially in the lines â€Å"if I wake, will I not be distraught†, since when she wakes, she discovers Romeo’s dead body, and in the lines â€Å"dash out my edgy brains†, which speaks to that she will end it all. Unmistakably, dread is available all through the whole discourse until she becomes overly enthusiastic enoughâ to set out to drink the elixir. Another common topic in this discourse, which comes up over and over in the play, is night. The line â€Å"the appalling vanity of death and night† is significant as it integrates just because the two head absolute opposites in the play, life and demise and day and night. Here she is stating that on the off chance that it is totally dull, she will be frightened to death and in this way to lie there in the murkiness of the vault is to be in the same class as dead. Previously, haziness implied Romeo could be covered up constantly so he could go see Juliet and was thusly incidentally connected with beneficial things while light and the day brought them division and inconveniences and was accordingly connected with awful things. Be that as it may, presently the night speaks to for Juliet what it generally accomplishes for us, which is obscurity, wretchedness and demise. Afterward, Shakespeare comes back to the amusing ramifications of night as more splendid occasions for what it's worth during the night that Juliet is protected and things work out as expected, while the moment sunrise breaks, disarray rules again and the darlings end their lives. The night-related symbolism is utilized here to paint a dim and bleak image of the burial chamber to make Juliet appear to be much progressively fearless and in this way for the crowd to identify with her. Love and passing are two of the significant subjects all through the play, which in a way differentiate each other and in a manner are reliant on each other. The whole discourse is about Juliet scrutinizing her affection for Romeo and whether she is eager to forfeit her life to stay consistent with her adoration. She differentiates what will occur on the off chance that she doesn’t drink the mixture and needs to wed Paris, with the possibility of death in the event that she drinks it. In the wake of posting all the potential calamities that could come to pass for her because of drinking the alcohol, she finishes with â€Å"Romeo, Romeo, Romeo, here’s drink! I drink to thee!†. This discloses to us that to Juliet, wedding Paris is a horrifying outcome and that she is happy to chance her life for Romeo. Along these lines, her affection toward him is both a guardian angel as that is the thing that propelled her to drink the mixture and break her fate however it is additionally her ruin as their veneration for one another is the thing that slaughters them both at long last. Another approach to state this is gambling demise will bring her adoration however passing itself will remove him. All through this whole entry, there is this dismal danger of death, foretelling the result ofâ the play. In particular, the expressions â€Å"God knows when we will meet again†, â€Å"freezes up the warmth of life†, â€Å"if I wake, will I not be distraught† and â€Å"dash out my urgent brains† all allude to what will occur and disclose to us that Juliet had decided and is happy to kick the bucket for Romeo. This discourse joins numerous alternate extremes or absolute opposites that Shakespeare utilizes continually in this show. A portion of these are in the solid language, for example, the differentiation toward the start of this discourse among hot and cold. The likeness â€Å"I have a black out cold fear†¦that nearly freezes up the warmth of life† is wonderful and shrewd on the grounds that life speaks to the glow and energy between the two darlings, their â€Å"heat† and her dread is of death, which turns a body cold. Another case of contrary energies is when Juliet questions whether the mixture is a toxin or a counteractant to her difficulties. There are likewise figurative contrary energies, beneath the outside of the content, for example, reality versus appearance. The primary subject of this concentrate is the bogus passing, which causes her to appear to be dead however she is extremely alive. Afterward, the word â€Å"act† on line 19 additionally ties in to this image as it identifies with showiness and claiming to be a person or thing that you are definitely not. Obviously, alternate extremes are significant in this entry on the grounds that during the whole discourse, Juliet is gauging her prospects and asking herself what will occur on the off chance that she drinks it and what will occur in the event that she doesn’t. Inside, she is looking at what her life will resemble with Paris and what her life will resemble with Romeo. This discourse is, I accept, a critical one in the play. It is genuinely the second where what has occurred and what will happen meet up in Juliet’s choice that she would forfeit herself out of affection for Romeo. Corresponding to that meeting up in the plot is an array of numerous pictures that have been utilized already. It is additionally significant in light of the fact that it is as I would see it the second that Juliet goes into adulthood. In the lines â€Å"I needs should act alone†, Juliet is at long last prepared to leave the solace of being a kid and settle on her own decisions throughout everyday life. Her feelings of dread are characteristic; everybody fears change, the new, thus, some portion of Juliet’s stresses in this discourse are those of proceeding onward and make her own particular manner for herself in a world brimming with difficulties and hindrances. At long last, she takes comfort in Romeo, whom she hopes to be there when she stirs, and beverages to him. All through the discourse, excellent symbolism is utilized and the five faculties are consolidated to make the scene wake up all together for the crowd to identify with the darlings before their lamentable passings.

The problem and review of related literature and studies Essay Example For Students

The issue and audit of related writing and studies Essay IntroductionEveryone is obviously pre-resolved to hold a descendants. This would only be seeing someone a grown-up male and grown-up female. It is non ever evident in a relationship if there is another life that will be framed. A few variables may loan to the hinderances in the development of new life especially to grown-up male since male ( sperm ) gamete is the 1 dependable to begin treatment. the fellowship of male ( sperm ) and female ( ovum ) gametes. These may incorporate low sperm tallies. hapless sperm quality. anatomical employments and hormonal insecurities. These variables were other than depicted under male sterility which prompts powerlessness to deliver posterity. Pre-manufactured medications to deal with this are promptly accessible in the market. in any case, it is related with some undesirable impacts. Talahib ( Saccharum spontaneum ) is one of the most copious workss found in the Philippines especially in loosened nations. The various pieces of talahib are pharmaceutically utilized as diuretic. cataplasm. purifying. styptic and cream. It is other than seen as a Spanish fly that has a result to evoke sexual want which may take after to climb birthrate. The exploration laborers expect to turn out the effectivity of ethanolic mixture of talahib on spermatocyte expansion in male coney ( Oryctolagus Cuniculus ) . The foliages of talahib will be utilized in this test. The examination laborers will other than carry on phytochemical appearing for the finding of the diverse substance parts present in the talahib leaves. Consequently. on the off chance that the ethanolic mixture of talahib foliages will be demonstrated viable. it is acceptable to those teams who wants to hold a posterity most especially to male which is the focussed of this study on spermatocyte multiplication. Explanation of the ProblemThis review manages the finding of the solidity of ethanolic implantation of talahib foliages on spermatocyte multiplication. In particular. the surveypurposes to answer the followers:1. What are the diverse phytochemical parts present in the ethanolic mixture of talahib foliages? 2. Is at that place a correlativity between testosterone degree and sperm include in various intercessions of ethanolic imbuement of talahib foliages? 3. Is there a significant distinction on spermatocyte multiplication between the various mediations of ethanolic mixture of talahib foliages to that of Proviron? Hypothesiss Ho †There is no significant connection between testosterone degree and sperm include in various intercessions of ethanolic mixture of talahib foliages. Ho †There is no significant contrast between ethanolic implantation of talahib foliages and Proviron as industrially utilized specialist for sterility. Noteworthiness of the Study The review has significant bearing data on the spermatocyte multiplication of ethanolic mixture of talahib foliages. In this manner. the present study is critical to the undermentioned: Community. The result of the overview will be useful to the network which can flexibly a minimal effort and exchange starting for the mediation of sterility employments especially to grown-up male. Division of Health ( DOH )/Department of Science and Technology ( DOST ) . The outcomes of the study will give additional data about the utilization of talahib as a start of intercession for sterility occupations to grown-up male. Pharmaceutical Industries. The result of the review would be of incredible guide in the arrangement of new operator for intercession of sterility in all likelihood on the off chance that it would be more remarkable than the economically accessible medication. Research laborers. This study causes the exploration laborers to put cognizance to the position and have a situation on the clinical strengths accessible in the market that will increase the creation of spermatocytes. Future Researchers. This review will work as the balance and notice of the great beyond investigate laborers especially if their study concentrated on spermatocyte expansion. Setting of the Study The phytochemical appearing of the changed segments present in the ethanolic imbuement of talahib foliages will be directed at St. Paul University Philippines ( SPUP ) College-Science Laboratory. The talahib leaves will be gathered at Masical. Baggao. Cagayan. Extension and Delimitation This study bargains predominantly on the effectiveness of ethanolic imbuement of talahib foliages on the spermatocyte expansion. The imbuement will be exposed to phytochemical appearing to discover the nearness of optional metabolites, for example, Alkaloids. Quaternary as well as Amine Oxidase Bases. Flavonoids. Tannins and Polyphenolic Compounds. Starches. Saponin Glycosides. Proteins. Fixed Oils. Fats. what's more, Volatile Oils and Anthraquinones. The exploration laborers will administrate the mixture through unwritten constrained taking care of in the male white coney. This overview will evaluate the testosterone degree. figure of sperm. morphology of sperm and motility of sperm. This will discover the result of ethanolic implantation of talahib foliages on spermatocyte expansion. The removal of the ethanolic imbuement of talahib foliages with various mediations of 0. 25 gms. 0. 10 gms. 0. 05 gms. 0. 025 gms and 0. 01 gms of one 100 ( 100 ) per centum focus will discover the limit of talahib foliages on spermatocyte multiplication. Theoretical Model Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study Hypothetical ModelThe ethanolic implantation of talahib foliages will be utilized in this overview to discover its result on spermatocyte multiplication. The examination laborers will use explicitly develop male white coneies as the preliminary enliven being from which the fundamental liquid and the blood will be pulled back to be utilized for semen investigation and testosterone degree investigation severally. The preliminary vitalize being will be given equivalent totals of supplement and H2O and set in a similar domain for 20 eight ( 28 ) yearss so beginning examination of the seeds and blood of coneies will be directed to wipe out physiologic components that may affect the results of the study. The original liquid will be gathered through stunning vagina ( AV ) for semen examination and the blood will be gathered through the fringy ear venas for testosterone degree investigation. After the underlying investigation. various mediations will be set up for removal for another 20 eight ( 28 ) yearss. Every intercession comprises of three ( 3 ) repeats given in five dosages of ethanolic mixture of talahib foliages. the positive control ( Proviron ) and negative control for 20 eight ( 28 ) yearss. Survey of Related Literature and Studies Wild sugar stick ( Saccharum spontaneum ) is a coarse. erect. enduring. ordinarily pretty much caespitose or gregarious grass. accomplishing a height of 1 to 3. 5 meters. also, lifting from heavy subterranean rhizome. The foliages are unpleasant. added substance. 0. 5 to 1 meter long. 6 to 15 millimeters wide. The panicles are white. erect. 15 to 30 centimeters in length. with the developments thin. whorled. delicate. what's more, the explanations secured with long. delicate. white hairs. The spines are around 3. 5 millimeters in length. extremely a lot shorter than the voluminous. long. white hairs at the base. It is privately known as talahib ( Tag. ) . sikal ( Ibn ) . lidda ( Ilk ) . Talahib is found in loosened nations at low and medium statures. go uping to 1. 500 meters. what's more, as often as possible gregarious. busying about completely enormous nations all through the Philippines. A decoction of the roots is utilized in the Philippines as a water pill. Blending to Nadkarni. the roots are utilized as a galactagogue and diuretic ( an operator that advances nephritic disposal of electrolytes and H2O ) . Song of devotion By Ayn Rand EssayA man’s sperm can be changed by his general health and way of life. A few things that may chop down the wellbeing or figure of sperm include: substantial intoxicant utilization. drugs. smoke final resting place nails. age. ecological poisons. counting pesticides and lead. health occupations, for example, scourge parotitiss. genuine conditions like kidney ailment. or on the other hand endocrine employments. clinical fortes. also, radiation mediation and chemo treatment for dangerous neoplastic malady. Erectile disfunction or frailty is the tireless or intermittent failure to accomplish or keep a hard-on adequate to complete sex or another picked sexual movement. It is extremely normal and influences at any rate one in each 10 work powers. This implies there are an expected 2. 3 million work powers in the UK misery from erectile disfunction. Shockingly. simply roughly 10 % of wiped out people truly get mediation. The figure of work powers suffering erectile disfunction augmentations with age. Most work powers have a periodic inability to secure or keep up a hard-on. It typically results from accentuation. weakness. tension. misery. or then again exorbitant intoxicant ingestion. The announcements above speak to the contrasts between the ordinarily mixed up or bewildered footings. erectile disfunction and sterility. It would help the examination laborers and the perusers to isolate these footings from one another. Erectile disfunction is characterized as the powerlessness of a male to keep a hard-on adequate to complete sex or movement while for sterility. it is alluded the failure to gestate because of low entirety or nonattendance of sperm cell creation. ( hypertext move convention:/smallpenises. blogspot. com/2011/01/what-are-center contrasts between. hypertext markup language ) During spermatogenesis. miosis. or then again decline division happens. The spermatogonia are undifferentiated organisms joining 46 chromosomes that separate by mitosis to deliver two young lady cells. One stays a root cell. The different turns into a primogenitor spermatogonium. bound to form into sperm. This spermatogonium partitions by mitosis to sort out two essential spermatocytes. each with 46 chromosomes. The essential spermatocytes so finish the main meiotic division. bring forthing two optional spermato

Hyperspace :: essays research papers

Hyperspace A Scientific Odyssey Through Parallel Universes, Time Warps, and the tenth Dimension Envision a you are sitting close to a lake. Presently envision, for example, how the fish in that lake would see their general surroundings. Living their whole lives in the lake, the fish would accept that their â€Å"universe† comprised of the dim water and the lilies. Investing the vast majority of their energy searching on the base of the lake, they would be just faintly mindful that an outsider world could exist over the surface. The idea of that world would be outside their ability to grasp. You could sit just scarcely any creeps from the fish, yet be isolated from them by a tremendous gorge. You and the fish lives would be spent in two particular universes, failing to enter each other’s world, yet were isolated by just the most slender obstruction, the water’s surface.      Now envision that you are in a rainstorm close to a similar lake. You notice that the pond’s surface was assaulted by a great many modest raindrops. The pond’s surface would in the end become tempestuous, and the water lilies were being pushed in every single diverse heading. To the fish the water lilies would get pushed around without anyone else without anything pushing them. Since the water around them would seem undetectable, much like the air and space around us, they would be astounded that the water lilies could move around without anyone else.      Now envision that there is fish â€Å"scientists† that would devise cunning innovation called a â€Å"force† so as to conceal their numbness. Unfit to understand that there could be waves on a concealed surface, they would infer that lilies could move without being contacted on the grounds that a puzzling imperceptible being known as a power acted between them. They may give this hallucination great names, (for example, activity a ways off.      Many researchers accept we resemble the fish swimming happily in that lake. We live our lives in our own â€Å"pond,† certain that our universe comprises of just the see and contact. Like the fish, our universe comprises of what is natural and obvious. We egotistically reject concede that equal measurements or universes can exist close to our own, simply beyond our control.      One of these measurements is the second measurement. To the 2 dimensional creatures or Flatlanders, our measurement is vast to the Flatlanders. The third measurement is to complex for the Flatlanders cerebrum.      Flatlanders can not have a stomach related tract just in light of the fact that the being would be part down the middle.

What You Should Do About Law School Application Essay Samples Beginning in the Next 7 Minutes

What You Should Do About Law School Application Essay Samples Beginning in the Next 7 Minutes The Appeal of Law School Application Essay Samples One of the fundamental tasks of the application essay is to follow along with the directions. Based on the school's policy, it's possible they will just proceed as though the application were final. Otherwise, you can ask for them to immediately consider your application with your present score. Make certain to include transitions from 1 paragraph to the next. In order to get rid of any of the plagiarism difficulties, it's highly advised you do not utilize it for you own writing purposes. If you don't have the appropriate application template, you might be hindering your ability to receive tasks done or collect the info you want. Possessing a greater LSAT score is well worth delaying your application. As to the way you can let schools know you're retaking, there are a lot of possibilities. The scheme also doesn't get the job done as well for anyone with complex family holdings. A spouse may get the advantage of Ontario family law rights even in the event the couple's only residence in the province proved to be a secondary residential property like a family cottage. And historical data on the center. The Basics of Law School Application Essay Samples The school will probably supply you with a word limit, and that means you wish to choose a topic that fits that word count. Teaching can not ever be successful unless there's order an d discipline in the classroom. Teacher is an individual in our life who provides many vital things along with the excellent education. Whenever your teacher asks you to analyze the source of the Civil War, he's going to obtain a great deal of essays that sound basically the exact same. If you're thinking of retaking the LSAT, you will need to assess the way your timeline for submitting law school applications will be impacted. More emphasis is put on people who teach at schools besides their alma-mater. Many people think that high school entrance essays are rather less difficult to write than college entrance essays, that is the reason there are fewer places where you could get assistance with higher school entrance essays. When you're writing your high school admissions essay, it's important to outline why you need to study at this specific high school, and the way your educational journey is going to be enlightened. The sample high school admission essays we've got on our page can be useful to you or your buddies. There are huge quantities of students doing the exact same thing as you and in the event the college or university to which you want to apply is a really popular one or if it has a course or courses which a great deal of people wish to undertake, then you must make your private statement stick out. The very first thing you ought to comprehend about writing a personal statement for university admission is that you're not alone. This value was then divided by the amount of professors at every school. New Ideas Into Law School Application Essay Samples Never Before Revealed Some schools also need you to write more than 1 essay, and should you just assume you get to select from the 3 options when you were actually supposed to write three short essays, well that is surely an issue. For instance, you can acquire high school essay samples no cost online to provide you with certain skil ls you want to compose your essay competently. With a tall school admission essay sample on the internet or a different source, you can just learn so much. High school essay examples incorporate a selection of short essays like narrative, persuasive and analytical. Citations and extracts from assorted sources have to be formatted properly. Our application essay service won't ever disillusion you and you'll be happy by our performance. When you buy your essay from us, you will get the maximum quality of writing. It's better to purchase essays from experts who do their very best to be sure that the quality is all up to standard. The main portion of a brief essay is known as the body.

Cih Level 3 in Housing Assignment 5 Essay - 3621 Words

Windmill Housing Association Lime Tree Estate A Way Forward Suzanne Stone 07.06.2012 Contents Factors which have lead to the decline of this estate†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3,4 Improvements needed†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.5,6 Community Development Key Issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦...7 Different Approaches that may work†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 A definition of ASB†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 Different Legal and non legal solutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 Managing this Neighbourhood†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......11 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 The Lime Tree Estate – Factors which have lead to the decline of this estate Many factors have contributed to the decline of this neighbourhood.†¦show more content†¦It is felt that this estate would benefit if a working group was set up to develop a neighbourhood action plan. This group could consist of partners such as the police, the health authorities and local council to examine the best way to tackle the issues faced by this area and to adopt an approach of neighbourhood planning in conjunction with local residents. It is felt that the key recommendations that are likely to come out of resident consultations and from what is already known to improve the area are: †¢ Kent highways to work with residents to establish speed monitoring on cut through roads and to establish where public transport is lacking. †¢ To set up an established regular bus route to the nearest health facility and local supermarket †¢ To run outreach clinics on the estate for health visitors such as sexual health and drop in clinics for young mothers †¢ To work with landlords to ensure tenants are tenancy compliant – keeping gardens tidy and to ensure landlords fix broken fences and gates in a timely manner (to prevent asb) †¢ Windmill to work with local council to develop a plan for regeneration for the area. †¢ Develop a programme to tackle low sills and worklessness †¢ To set up a â€Å"FoulShow MoreRelatedCih Level 3 Assignment 43986 Words   |  16 PagesMark Cooper CIH Level 3 March 2013 Assignment 3 Report on Provisions of Affordable Housing Contents: 1. Aim 2. Housing 3. Housing Deprivation 4. Urban Policy 5. Stock by Tenure 6. LGA Housing Stock 7. Right to Buy Entitlement 8. Community Stability amp; Regeneration 9. Accessibility of Affordable Housing 10. Accessing Affordable Housing 11. Conclusion Information Report: Economic Factors Affecting Policy and Provision of Affordable

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They have renovated their company several times throughout the last century to fulfill a need in society. They have been suppliers for items such as artificial sweeter, saccharine, which was sold to Coca-Cola, vanillaRead MoreWal-Mart Internationalization15922 Words   |  64 PagesTable of Contents INTRODUCTION 2 COMPANY HISTORY AND BACKGROUND 4 Organizational Culture 5 International Penetration 6 INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION 9 Industry Analysis 9 Table 1: TED Spread (2005-2010) 11 Table 2: VIX (2005-2010) 12 Table 3: FCI (2005-2010) 12 Size of the U.S. Retail Market 13 Table 4: SP Retail Index (2005-2010) 14 Table 5: U.S. Retail Sales (2005-2010) 14 Structure of the U.S. Retail Market 15 Table 6: U.S. Retail SalesRead MoreWalmart s Impact On The Global Environment3150 Words   |  13 PagesCompany Background Walmart offered desirable product variety and unbeatable pricing to the markets of middle America to overtake the retail industry. The first store was opened by Sam Walton in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas. At the year end of 2005, Walmart had 6,200 Walmart U.S., Walmart International, and Sam’s Club facilities in 15 countries around the world, 1.6 million associates, and $312.4 billion in sales. Looking at GDP to sales, Walmart would be the 20th largest country in the world and the

Doing Ethics Technique Technology and Computers

Question: Describe about the Doing Ethics Technique for Technology and Computers. Answer: The improvisation of information technology and computers has induced a revolution in the present generation. ICT systems have a considerably significant role to play in various industrial sectors as well as for personal purposes. Therefore the use of electronic communication networks has facilitated a clear opportunity to exchange information albeit with the indications of certain pitfalls which include ethical dilemmas (Bell, 2014). The most compromising form of ethical dilemma in the use of ICT technologies arises in terms of information security. IT professionals all over the world are concerned with the ethical issues in ICT systems in order to safeguard the use of expertise, capital investments and ethical integrity of businesses as well as individuals (Black, 2013). The facts related to information technology security can expose the vulnerability of businesses to malicious attempts at breaching data integrity. The increase of cyber crimes by a rate of 38% in the year 2015 as compared to the previous year as well as insider threats account for the urgency to safeguard information systems (Brock, 2015). The costs of information security breaches amount to almost 300 billion US$ and predictions suggest that the costs would increase magnanimously in the period between the years 2016 and 2019 (Coghlan, Brannick, 2014). The estimated expenditure of governments on information security frameworks also profoundly indicate the importance provided to information security. The investment of 14 billion US$ by the US government in cyber security suggests the presence of ethical issues in information security and the need to curb them. The issues which are associated with information security are not limited to ethical issues. The causes for the breaches in information security as well as other relevant pitfalls experienced by businesses could describe the detrimental aspects of ignoring ICT system security. The different perspectives for defining the issues in IT security arise from the external agents such as hackers and internal agents such as insider threats (Greig, Taylor, MacKay, 2012). Furthermore, applications used by users for executing tasks and operating systems as well as the network infrastructure are formidable entities which determines the vulnerability of IT security. The improper implementation of policy definitions in context of security as well as businesses are prolific determinants of issues in IT security. The impact of issues in IT security is observed in context of various stakeholders. Stakeholders primarily refer to employees in a business organization, general users of computer applications, operating systems and computer security personnel. The breaches in IT security primarily reflect the most detrimental impact on business organizations which face the risks of losing valuable data related to financial statements, employee information and strategic documents (Gray, 2013). General users are vulnerable to information security breaches as cyber crime exposes significant details such as bank account details and personal identification numbers which could be used for unauthorized access to online banking accounts. Ethical issues which have been profoundly observed in context of IT security refer to the protection of intellectual property, privacy and software piracy. The ICT professional to be referred in this case is the IT security personnel of an organization. The action taken by IT security personnel in such cases would be to adopt installation of firewall for the organizations networking infrastructure and implement applications for detecting any insider breaches (Lacan, Miller, 2013). The ethical viewpoint of the measures suggests that review of insider threats also comprises of verifying emails and social media account of employees which is a violation of ethical privileges. Furthermore, the implications of ethical issues on stakeholders such as employees and security personnel include the vulnerability of user information as well as the need for moderating security measures according to ethical standards. The potential measures to tackle the issues of data security which lead to several problems as depicted above could include the different implications such as increasing the frequency of system security checks, software updates and induction of industry specific standards of information coding. These initiatives could develop a certain level of resistance for the security breaches, thereby providing a viable opportunity to the ICT professionals in business organization, especially IT security personnel, to identify the minimal threats and resolve those (Pink, 2013). For example, malware scanning software, scanning of internet traffic and blocking of malicious servers are some of the solutions which can be implemented in this case. The options which can be considered by the IT security personnel in this case could primarily include measures for preventing enterprise level software piracy and establishing a firewall to resolve unauthorized external access. The chances for insider threats could be mitigated through frequent reviews on weekly basis (Lacan, Miller, 2013). Information coding could be a major achievement for the IT security personnel to protect data security. The establishment of a firewall for protection of internal network infrastructure can be considered as the most plausible option for IT security personnel (Brock, 2015). The reason for selecting firewall as a protective measure against the violation of information security. The measure could be validated on ethical grounds through consideration of employee information privileges. References Bell, J. (2014).Doing Your Research Project: A guide for first-time researchers. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Black, J. (2013).Mixed news: The public/civic/communitarian journalism debate. Routledge. Brock, B. (2015).Captive to Christ, Open to the World: On Doing Christian Ethics in Public. The Lutterworth Press. Coghlan, D., Brannick, T. (2014).Doing action research in your own organization. Sage. Greig, A. D., Taylor, J., MacKay, T. (2012).Doing research with children: A practical guide. Sage. Gray, D. E. (2013).Doing research in the real world. Sage. Lacan, J., Miller, J. A. (2013).The Ethics of Psychoanalysis 1959-1960: The Seminar of Jacques Lacan. Routledge. Pink, S. (2013).Doing visual ethnography. Sage.

Bill Gates Essays (575 words) - Big History, Bill Gates,

Bill Gates William H. Gates Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Microsoft Corporation William (Bill) H. Gates is chairman and chief executive officer of Microsoft Corporation, the leading provider, worldwide, of software for the personal computer. and employs more than 20,000 people in 48 countries. Born on October 28, 1955, Gates and his two sisters grew up in Seattle. Their father, William H. Gates II, is a Seattle attorney. Their late mother, Mary Gates, was a schoolteacher, University of Washington regent and chairwoman of United Way International. Gates attended public elementary school and the private Lakeside School. There, he began his career in personal computer software, programming computers at age 13. In 1973, Gates entered Harvard University as a freshman, where he lived down the hall from Steve Ballmer, now Microsoft's executive vice president for sales and support. While at Harvard, Gates developed the programming language BASIC for the first microcomputer -- the MITS Altair. In his junior year, Gates dropped out of Harvard to devote his energies to Microsoft, a company he had begun in 1975 with Paul Allen. Guided by a belief that the personal computer would be a valuable tool on every office desktop and in every home, they began developing software for personal computers. Gates' foresight and vision regarding personal computing have been central to the success of Microsoft and the software industry. Gates is actively involved in key management and strategic decisions at Microsoft, and plays an important role in the technical development of new products. A significant portion of his time is devoted to meeting with customers and staying in contact with Microsoft employees around the world through e-mail. Under Gates' leadership, Microsoft's mission is to continually advance and improve software technology and to make it easier, more cost-effective and more enjoyable for people to use computers. In 1995, Gates wrote The Road Ahead, his vision of where information technology will take society. Co-authored by Nathan Myhrvold, Microsoft's chief technology officer, and Peter Rinearson, The Road Ahead held the No. 1 spot on the New York Times' bestseller list for seven weeks. Published in the U.S. by Viking, the book was on the NYT list for a total of 18 weeks. Published in more than 20 countries, the book sold more than 400,000 copies in China alone. In 1996, while redeploying Microsoft around the Internet, Gates thoroughly revised The Road Ahead to reflect his view that interactive networks are a major milestone in human history. The paperback second edition has also become a bestseller. Gates is donating his proceeds from the book to a non-profit fund that supports teachers worldwide who are incorporating computers into their classrooms. In addition to his passion for computers, Gates is interested in biotechnology. He sits on the board of the Icos Corporation and is a shareholder in Darwin Molecular, a subsidiary of British-based Chiroscience. He also founded Corbis Corporation, which is developing one of the largest resources of visual information in the world-a comprehensive digital archive of art and photography from public and private collections around the globe. Gates also has invested with cellular telephone pioneer Craig McCaw in Teledesic, a company that is working on an ambitious plan to launch hundreds of low-orbit satellites around the globe to provide worldwide two-way broadband telecommunications service. In the decade since Microsoft has gone public, Gates has donated more than $270 million to charities, including $200 million to the William H. Gates Foundation. The focus of Gates' giving is in three areas: education, population issues and access to technology. Gates was married on Jan. 1, 1994 to Melinda French Gates. They have one child, Jennifer Katharine Gates, born in 1996.

Disneyland Resort Paris

Disneyland Resort Paris Introduction The Disneyland Paris Resort is one of the many theme parks of Disney destinations situated in different parts of the world. As the name suggests Disneyland Resort Paris is located at the outcasts of Paris the capital city of France in a place called Marne-la-Vallee. Among the numerous Disneyland Resorts, the Disney Paris resort is attributed to be the most challenging resort.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Disneyland Resort Paris specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the year 2006, the Disneyland Paris had three parks that included; the Disney land Paris, the Disney Studio Park, and the Disney village. The Disney village incorporated restaurants and stores while the Disney Paris hosted the theme park itself and the Disney Studio Park was more centered on movie making concepts (Sehlinger and Testa, 2010). Factors that influenced the location of Disneyland Paris Resort Prior to its current location of Marn e-la-Vallee, at the outskirts of Paris the Disney Company had considered a number of promising and potential locations across Europe, which could be used to proposed Disney Park resort. The major countries that were under consideration were Germany, Britain, France, Spain, and Italy. After considerations and discarding of some countries off the list of contenders, the two countries that remained were France and Spain. Spain chances were boosted by its climate, which resembled that of Florida, a state in which one of the Disney resort is located. However, France carried the day after careful consideration of various factors. The availability of a suitable site that was strategically located on the outskirts of Paris was a crucial factor that was used to determine the Disney resort location. The strategic location of the proposed site as a factor was boosted by the fact that millions of people could access the proposed Disney resort in a matter of hours regardless of if one is driving or taking a flight. This therefore presented a golden opportunity to the Disney Company of tapping the vast unexploited customer base. The good infrastructure system that was coming in and going out of the proposed Disney resort site was also another crucial factor that weighed in deciding France to be the Disney resort destination of choice.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More France was about to be connected with England by a channel tunnel that was due to be opened in 1994 thus offering an additional infrastructure route that was bound to increase the customer base. In addition to this, the site connection with the rest of Europe could be facilitated by the high-speed TGV network and the French autoroutes network (Sehlinger and Testa, 2010). Paris, being one of the favorite tourist and vacation destinations in the world, was bound to rhyme with the idea of a Disne y resort that related to a vacation destination in one way or the other (Sehlinger and Testa, 2010). The favorable tourist turnover in the region was a motivating factor to its location in Paris. According to a research carried out, majority of citizens in France embraced the idea of a Disney park in France. In addition to this, both the national and local governments in France had gone a step further by offering financial incentives and even expropriation of land from its citizens all with an aim of facilitating smooth construction process of the Disney Park. Difficulties faced in the running of Disney Paris Challenges that faced the Disney Paris were eminent and rocked the park even on its opening date. On the opening date, the smooth opening of the park was park commuter trains’ strikes and to make the matters worse a bomb had exploded on the night to the opening date. The expected 500,000 people on the opening date were down sized to 50,000 people who attended. The protes ts from the neighboring villages on the noise arising from the park only added more woes to the just established Disney Paris. In the early days of its operations, Disney Paris recorded a low number of visitors as opposed to their expectation. The anticipation of more French visitors as compared to the visitors from other countries turned out to be nightmare for the newly constructed Disney Park in France (McGuigan, 2004, p. 69). The low attendance of guest was attributed to the protests that were conducted by the neighboring villages and the fear possess by the French citizens of losing their culture.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Disneyland Resort Paris specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, a glass of wine was vital while eating according to the French visitors but unfortunately, the Disney Paris was an alcohol-free park. In addition to this, the hotel rooms at the park were expensive with prices rangi ng from 110 380 dollars per night (Anon, 2011). The initial weeks of operations in the Disney Paris were filled with a huge number of employees’ resignations. Numerous reasons were stated regarding the resignations that were going on but majority of them were directed to the chaotic operations of the park (McGuigan, 2009, p. 45). The situation was made worse late in the same year when Europe was hit by a recession thereby making property value to drop. This situation forced EuroDisney to experience financial crisis. Reference List Anon. 2011. Case Study: The Not-So-Wonderful World of EuroDisney. Web. McGuigan, J., 2009. Cultural Analysis. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. McGuigan, J., 2004. Rethinking cultural policy. NY: McGraw-Hill International. Sehlinger, B. and Testa, L., 2010. Unofficial Guide to Disneyland Paris. London: John Wiley and Sons.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Lack of staff training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Lack of staff training - Essay Example The training and development of staff is predominantly based on the fact that staff skills bear direct relation with the growth of the organization and the requirement to grow the skill is to make the organization grow. Training is regarded as a systematic way of developing knowledge, attitudes and skills of employees to help them perform to the best of their abilities in their respective job roles. The new recruits in organizations have many different skills and may be specialised in a variety of specializations. However, the skills may not be as per the organizational needs and requirements. This is where the need for training and development finds importance in the organizational context. It helps the staff in taking the organization towards its goals and destinations. This project aims to address the issues which might arise due to the lack of staff training in organizations (Olaniyan & Ojo, 2008, p.326). Training, both socially, physically, mentally and intellectually are consid ered to be extremely important for facilitating the productivity of the organization and also for development of the personnel in the organization. ... The organization chosen for the purpose is the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) which has decided to make investments in the training and development of its staff (WHICH, 2011). The literature review brings forth the supportive and contradicting arguments for the topic. The study also makes a primary research on the topic. This is done by using the method of questionnaire. Finally the data collected is analysed and based on the analysis the project makes suitable recommendations for the same (Olaniyan & Ojo, 2008, p.326). Chapter 1: Literature Review The demand of the marketplace for quality, speed, customization, punctuality, and variety or services and products has been responsible for dramatically changing the landscape for conducting business across the world. Technology usage, the relentless speed with which technology has been changing and upgrading it, skills which the workplaces demand have completely changed the corporate scenario. The increased pressure which has been coming fr om these factors is acting as the driving force behind the constant search for improved and better performance. This is applicable for the smallest and simplest of tasks to the most complex corporate strategies in organizations today. The nature of this dynamic learning and performance of individuals especially at the management levels have been responsible for converting it into a rat race which does not have a finish line. The broader perspective shows that the individual learning and performance acts as the prime factor which keeps organizations ahead or behind their competitors (Kunneman, Key & Sleezer, 2000, p.40). In the year 1998, a study was conducted by the Training Magazine in US reported that organizations in the nation had been

Confederacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Confederacy - Essay Example When his own Vice-President, Alexander Stephens became an outspoken critic of the Davis’ war polices, newspaper editors declared Davis a despot and added to the erosion of the Confederacy from within. Food riots and the Impression Act of 1863 further alienated civilian support of Davis and his government. Southern citizens divided over the issue of his right to rule the Confederacy’s nationhood; either they believed he now held too much power and wanted more or they believed him weak and unable to govern successfully. The absence of centralized power defeated Davis’ ability to feed and clothe his armies, or gain support from European allies. The loss of Stonewall Jackson on May 2, 1863 cost the commander of the Confederate forces, General Lee his most valuable soldier, and did a great deal to decompress Confederate military moral. June of 1863 saw Vicksburg captured by Grant and allowed the Union forces to control the Mississippi River all the way to the Gulf of Mexico, and further hurt the Southern states ability to garner support and supplies from the western states. President Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address on November 17, 1863, changed the idea of Union for Union’s sake to Union for Freedom’s sake, and revitalized the northern impetuous to continue the war through to its end. Grants push southward using Sherman’s forces never retreated after 1864, and Lee’s surrender on April 9, 1865, sealed the fate of the Confederacy. The collapse of the Confederacy was as inevitable as the Civil War itself. "We are not one people. We are two peoples. We are a people for Freedom and a people for Slavery. Between the two, conflict is inevitable." New York Tribune  publisher Horace Greeley said that about the United States in 1854 and Davis could have paraphrased it when describing the political state of the Confederacy in

Combating Compassion Fatigue Essay Example for Free

Combating Compassion Fatigue Essay The nursing profession is a complex field that can challenge you mentally, physically, emotionally, and spiritually. People who go into the field of nursing have daily interacts with patients’ and families in need of medical help and guidance. Nurses face numerous challenges on a daily basis and must be able to handle not only their patients’ issues, but remain strong and healthy to avoid compassion fatigue and burnout. Compassion fatigue is defined as emotional, spiritual, and physical exhaustion resulting from â€Å"witnessing and absorbing the problems and suffering of others† (Wisniewski, 2013). Compassion fatigue can lead to burnout with one’s professional career and affect home life. Caregivers can also be affected by compassion fatigue and burnout from the roles that they play with their loved ones. It is vital to be able to identify the warning signs of compassion fatigue and burnout. This is a battle that can be â€Å"fought with a commitment to personal health and well-being† (Chapman, 2007). Health care professionals and caregivers need to be able to find a balance and maintain health in their own spiritual, physical, mental, and emotional lives to assist patient’s to optimal care. Strategies on stress management, healthy lifestyle choices, and resources available will be discussed to help prevent and manage these issues. â€Å"Nurses are the backbone of the medical system and act as the first line of patient medical care† (Chen et al., 2009). Dealing and coping with stress is vital for nurses to maintain to provide adequate care. Compassion fatigue is a feeling of hopelessness and a loss in the sense of meaning in one’s life. Symptoms can be â€Å"strong feelings of anxiety, difficulty concentrating, being jumpy or easily startled, irritability, difficulty sleeping, excessive emotional numbing, and intrusive images of another’s traumatic material† (Portnoy, 2011). These symptoms need to be recognized to receive help or they can progres s to long-term effects and  complications. There are five concepts of compassion fatigue that need to be addressed to help with prevention and burnout. The first concept is cognitive; symptoms can be apathy, disorientation, trouble concentration, and harshness. The second concept is emotional; signs can be anxiety, fear, helplessness, feelings of powerlessness, depression, having bad dreams, and shock. The third concept is behavioral which can be lack of sleep, moody, change in appetite, withdrawn, and repeatedly having bad dreams. The fourth concept is spiritual. This area can lead the individual to question their role in life and their profession, feelings of being lost, and questioning faith and personal beliefs. The last concept is somatic, meaning affecting one’s voluntary nervous system. This can cause rapid heartbeats, trouble breathing, headaches, aches and pains, trouble staying or falling asleep, and sweating (Portnoy, 2011). There are numerous factors that can lead up to and cause compassion fatigue. Triggers can be issues with management such as nursing acuity, patient to nurse ratios, overworked nurses, personal issues, lack of support from coworkers or bosses, and loss of the feeling that the nurse is making a difference. To combat these factors in nurses and other employees in health care, managers and organizations need to be aware of this dynamic issue and offer help (Portnoy, 2011). Creating an open environment along with education and training on how to deal with these complex issues is the first step to addressing compassion fatigue within the workplace. Group meetings within the workplace will offer the nurses a chance to share their thoughts and feelings, realizing that they are not alone. Building bonds with coworkers and sharing patient experiences will help to encourage positive healthy habits. Self-care is vital for nurses to maintain to keep life in balance and to adequately take proper care of our patients. Everybody has stress, learning how to deal with it is the key to happiness and a healthy well-being. Nurses are constantly educating our patient’s on lifestyle changes needed to maintain health such as a proper diet, exercise, and a strong support system. We in turn need to practice what we preach and maintain our health to be at our best to help our patients achieve their best. Burnout and compassion fatigue are sometimes talked about as one, but there are differences. Burnout is â€Å"state of emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress† (Preventing Burnout, n.d.). Signs of burnout can be depression or  detachment, emotions are rigid, loss of hope and motivation, and a feeling of not worthy of living. Burnout can be caused by lifestyles or work-related issues. Working in an environment that you feel like you have no control or lack of resources can lead to burnout. Self-care is needed to maintain positive outlets to express one’s stress to avoid burnout in one’s personal life. There are physical, emotional, and behavioral signs of burnout. Physical signs are feelings of being tired all the time, being sick a lot, change in sleeping habits, body aches, and frequent headaches. Emotional signs can be loss of motivation, feelings of helplessness, feelings of detachment, sense of doubt, and an increased negative outlook in life. Behavioral signs can be isolation from others, avoidance of responsibilities, drug or alcohol abuse, missing work, and anger directed at others (Preventing Burnout, n.d.). There are several ways to help prevent burnout. Learning how to manage stress and adopting a positive healthy eating, sleeping, and exercising habits are good examples to start with. It is important to know when you need help and that it is available. Burnout can lead to compassion fatigue within your professional career. Nurses who are tired, overworked, and stress out over time without help can suffer from burnout and in turn fall into compassion fatigue. Nurses need compassion to help guide patients in their medical situations, if the nurse is stressed out and needing help herself then how can she guide the patient? Burnout can be healed, addressing the issues and finding â€Å"your balance by reassessing priorities, making time for yourself, and seeking support† (Preventing Burnout, n.d.). There is a three â€Å"R† approach when dealing with burnout; recognize, reverse, and resilience. Recognition of burnout, reversal of the damage caused from stress, and building resilience to deal with the stress by taking care of one’s emotional, mental, physical, and spiritual health. Identification is one step into addressing compassion fatigue and burnout. One can recover from burnout. There are three strategies that one should remain mindful of, slow down, get support, and reevaluate your goals and priorities (Preventing Burnout, n.d.). When dealing with job burnout there are a few options that you can do to improve the circumstances. Taking time off, asking for a new assignment, speaking with management about issues, and clarifying your job duties are a few suggestions to start with. Caregiver burnout can happen to anyone at any  given time. The roles of caregivers are equally important like that of nursing. Caregivers are responsible for the direct care of a loved one and can experience compassion fatigue as well as burnout. Being involved with a loved one’s care can cause physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual distress. The health of the caregivers is important for the success of the one who is receiving the care. Promoting policies and interventions that will help the caregivers to avoid emotional exhaustion is the goal. Caregivers need to remain aware of their needs and beliefs and know when to ask for help should they need it. Education is the start to helping patients, families, and caregivers; talking about compassion fatigue and burnout allows people to see that they are not alone and that help is available. There are numerous resources available to assist those seeking help such as The Gift from Within organization that specializes in helping people deal with trauma and stress. There is also a Compassion Fatigue organization that aims at educating people on how important self-care is and how vital it is to know the signs and symptoms (Portnoy, 2011). In conclusion, compassion fatigue is the loss of self and burnout is the emotional exhaustion that one can feel. Nurses and health care professionals are at higher risks of having these issues come up; however caregivers can suffer from these issues just as easily. The goal to combating these topics is to bring awareness to them and to continue educating people on the ways to handle them. Sometimes asking for help is hard, but it is the first step in the right direction to becoming a healthy well-being who can handle stress. Seeking guidance from professionals will benefit the person in distress as well as their families. To be emotionally, physically, mentally, and spiritually sound one must take care of themselves in all aspects of life. One must have compassionate caring, empathic boundaries, self-awareness, spirituality and hope, and self-forgiveness to succeed in life (Bush, 2009). References Bush, N. (2009). Compassion fatigue: are you at risk? Oncology Nursing Forum, 36(1), 24-28. doi:10.1188/09.ONF.24-28 Chapman, E. (2007). Radical loving care: Building the healing hospital in America. Nashville, TN: Vaughn Printing Chen, C., Lin, C., Wang, S., Hou, T. (2009). A study of job stress, stress coping strategies, and job satisfaction for nurses working in middle-level hospital operating rooms. Journal Of Nursing Research (Taiwan Nurses Association), 17(3), 199-211. doi:10.1097/JNR.0b013e3181b2557b Portnoy, D. (2011). Burnout and Compassion Fatigue Watch for the Signs. Journal of the Catholic Health Association of the United States, 47-51. Retrieved January 20, 2015, from http://www.compassionfatigue.org/pages/healthprogress.pdf Preventing Burnout. (n.d.). Retrieved January 20, 2015, from http://www.helpguide.org/articles/stress/preventing-burnout.htm Wisniewski, L. (2013, February 5). What is Nursing Stress, Burnout, or Compassion Fatigue? Retrieved January 20, 2015, from http://www.nursetogether.com/what-is-nursing-stress-burnout-or-compassion-fatigue

Crushed Dreams in The Glass Menagerie Essay -- Glass Menagerie essays

Crushed Dreams in The Glass Menagerie      Ã‚  Ã‚   Tennessee Williams is known for his use of symbols, tension, and irony. Williams uses all of these components to express the central theme of The Glass Menagerie - hope followed by despair. Each of the characters has dreams that are destroyed by the harsh realities of the world.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the narrator blatantly admits, 'since I have a poet's weakness for symbols', symbols are central to The Glass Menagerie (Williams 30). Symbols are merely concrete substitutions used to express a particular theme, idea, or character. One major symbol is the fire escape which has a separate function for each of the characters. This fire escape provides a means of escape for Tom from his cramped apartment and nagging mother. Therefore, the fire escape for him represents a path to the outside world. For the gentleman caller, the fire escape provides the means through which Jim can enter the Wingfield apartment, thus entering their lives. For Amanda, the fire escape allows Jim to come into the apartment and prevent Laura from becoming a spinster. The significance of the fire escape for Laura is that it is her door to the inside world in which she can hide. It is ironic that when Laura does leave the security of her apartment, she falls. This symbolises Laura's inability to function properly in the outside world.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another recurring symbol is the glass menagerie which represents Laura's hypersensitive nature and fragility. Laura is just as easily broken as a glass unicorn - and just as unique. When Jim accidentally bumps into the unicorn and breaks it, the unicorn is no longer unique. Likewise, when Jim kisses Laura and then shatters her hopes by telling her he's eng... ...ructure of the entire play -   an ironic pattern of romantic expectations, momentary fulfilment, and ultimate loss' (Thompson 13).    Works Cited and Consulted Bloom, Harold. Introduction. Tennessee Williams. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House, 1987. 1-8. King, Thomas L. "Irony and Distance in The Glass Menagerie." In Tennessee Williams. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House, 1987. 85-94. Levy, Eric P. "'Through Soundproof Glass': The Prison of Self Consciousness in The Glass Menagerie." Modern Drama, 36. December 1993. 529-537. Thompson, Judith J. Tennessee Williams' Plays: Memory, Myth, and Symbol. New York: Peter Lang, 1989. Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. In Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing, 4th ed. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1995. 1519-1568.    Crushed Dreams in The Glass Menagerie Essay -- Glass Menagerie essays Crushed Dreams in The Glass Menagerie      Ã‚  Ã‚   Tennessee Williams is known for his use of symbols, tension, and irony. Williams uses all of these components to express the central theme of The Glass Menagerie - hope followed by despair. Each of the characters has dreams that are destroyed by the harsh realities of the world.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the narrator blatantly admits, 'since I have a poet's weakness for symbols', symbols are central to The Glass Menagerie (Williams 30). Symbols are merely concrete substitutions used to express a particular theme, idea, or character. One major symbol is the fire escape which has a separate function for each of the characters. This fire escape provides a means of escape for Tom from his cramped apartment and nagging mother. Therefore, the fire escape for him represents a path to the outside world. For the gentleman caller, the fire escape provides the means through which Jim can enter the Wingfield apartment, thus entering their lives. For Amanda, the fire escape allows Jim to come into the apartment and prevent Laura from becoming a spinster. The significance of the fire escape for Laura is that it is her door to the inside world in which she can hide. It is ironic that when Laura does leave the security of her apartment, she falls. This symbolises Laura's inability to function properly in the outside world.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another recurring symbol is the glass menagerie which represents Laura's hypersensitive nature and fragility. Laura is just as easily broken as a glass unicorn - and just as unique. When Jim accidentally bumps into the unicorn and breaks it, the unicorn is no longer unique. Likewise, when Jim kisses Laura and then shatters her hopes by telling her he's eng... ...ructure of the entire play -   an ironic pattern of romantic expectations, momentary fulfilment, and ultimate loss' (Thompson 13).    Works Cited and Consulted Bloom, Harold. Introduction. Tennessee Williams. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House, 1987. 1-8. King, Thomas L. "Irony and Distance in The Glass Menagerie." In Tennessee Williams. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House, 1987. 85-94. Levy, Eric P. "'Through Soundproof Glass': The Prison of Self Consciousness in The Glass Menagerie." Modern Drama, 36. December 1993. 529-537. Thompson, Judith J. Tennessee Williams' Plays: Memory, Myth, and Symbol. New York: Peter Lang, 1989. Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. In Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing, 4th ed. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1995. 1519-1568.   

Sculpture in the Indian subcontinent

Sculpture in the Indian subcontinent From Wisped, the free encyclopedia Part of a series on the Culture of India History People Languages Mythology and folklore[show] Cuisine Festivals Religion Art[show] Literature[show] Music and performing arts[show] Media[show] Sport Monuments[show] Symbols[show] Culture portal India portal Bronze Vishnu Gain figure of Thirthankarasuparshvanath, 14th century, marble One of the first representations of the Buddha, 1st-2nd century CE, Kandahar The first known sculpture in the Indian subcontinent is from the Indus Valley civilization (3300-1700 SC), found in sites at Enjoy-dare and Harp in modern- ay Pakistan. These include the famous small bronze female dancer.However such figures in bronze and stone are rare and greatly outnumbered by pottery figurines and stone seals, often of animals or deities very finely depicted. After the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization there is little record of sculpture until the Buddhist era, apart from a hoard o f copper figures of (somewhat controversially) c. 1500 BCC from Diamond. [l] Thus the great tradition of Indian monumental sculpture in stone appears to begin relatively late, with the reign of Soak from 270 to 232 BCC, and he Pillars of Shook he erected around India, carrying his edicts and topped by famous sculptures of animals, mostly lions, of which six survive. 2] Large amounts of figurative sculpture, mostly in relief, survive from Early Buddhist pilgrimage status, above all Ashcan; these probably developed out of a tradition using wood that also embraced Hinduism. [3] During the 2nd to 1st century BCC in far northern India, in the Greece-Buddhist art of Kandahar from what is now southern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan, sculptures became more explicit, representing episodes of the Buddha life and teachings. Although India had a long sculptural tradition and a mastery of rich iconography, the Buddha was never represented in human form before this time, but only through some of his symbols. This may be because Ghanaian Buddhist sculpture in modern Afghanistan displays Greek and Persian artistic influence.Artistically, the Ghanaian school of sculpture is said to have contributed wax. Y hair, drapery covering both shoulders, shoes and sandals, acanthus leaf decorations, etc. The pink sandstone Hindu, Gain and Buddhist sculptures of Mature from the 1st to 3rd centuries CE fleeted both native Indian traditions and the Western influences received through the Greece-Buddhist art of Kandahar, and effectively established the basis for subsequent Indian religious sculpture. [4] The style was developed and diffused through most of India under the Guppy Empire (c. Which remains a â€Å"classical† period for Indian sculpture, covering the earlier Lealer Caves,[5] though the Elephant Caves are probably slightly later. 6] Later large scale sculpture remains almost exclusively religious, and generally rather conservative, often reverting to simple frontal stand ing poses for deities, though the attendant spirits such as papayas and yaks often have sensuously curving poses. Carving is often highly detailed, with an intricate backing behind the main figure in high relief. The celebrated bronzes of the Chula dynasty (c. 850-1250) Portsmouth India, many designed to be carried in processions, include the iconic form of Shiva as Natural, [7] with the massive granite carvings of Manipulator dating from the previous Papilla dynasty. [8] The â€Å"dancing girl of Enjoy Dare†, 3rd millennium BCC (replica) Shook Pillar, Visalia, Briar, c. 50 BCC Stump gateway at Ashcan, c. 100 CE or perhaps earlier, with densely packed relief Hindu Guppy terracotta relief, 5th century CE, of Krishna Killing the Horse Demon Skies Buddha from Saran's, 5-6th century CE Hindu, Chula period, 1000 Marble Sculpture of female yaks in typical curving pose, c. 1450, Restaurants The Colossal tritium at the Elephant Caves Typical medieval frontal standing statue falloffs, 950-1150 In Khartoum Rock-cut temples at Lealer Copular of the Tail Natural Temple, Catamaran, Tamil Undue, densely packed with rows of painted statues Contents [hide] 1 Greece-Buddhist art 2 See also 3 Gallery 4 Notes 5 References 6 Further readingGreece-Buddhist art[edit source I editable] Greece-Buddhist art is the artistic manifestation of Greece-Buddhism, a cultural synthetics between the Classical Greek culture and Buddhism, which developed over a period of close to 1000 years in Central Asia, between the conquests of Alexander the Great in the 4th century BCC, and the Islamic conquests of the 7th century CE. Greece-Buddhist art is characterized by the strong idealistic realism of Hellenic art and the first representations of the Buddha in human form, which have helped define the artistic (and particularly, sculptural) canon for Buddhist art throughout the Asian continent up to the present. Though dating is uncertain, it appears that strongly Hellenic styles lingered in the E ast for several centuries after they had declined around the Mediterranean, as late as the 5th century CE.Some aspects of Greek art were adopted while others did not spread beyond the Greece- Buddhist area; in particular the standing figure, often with a relaxed pose and one leg flexed, and the flying cupids or victories, who became popular across Asia as papayas. Greek foliage decoration was also influential, with Indian versions of the Corinthian capital appearing. 9] The origins of Greece-Buddhist art are to be found in the Hellenic Greece-Bacteria kingdom (250 BCC – 130 BCC), located in today's Afghanistan, from which Hellenic culture radiated into the Indian subcontinent with the establishment of the small Indo-Greek kingdom (180 BCC-II BCC).Under the Indo-Greeks and then the Khans, the interaction of Greek and Buddhist culture flourished in the area of Kandahar, in today's northern Pakistan, before spreading further into India, influencing the art of Mature, and then th e Hindu art of the Guppy empire, which was to extend to the rest of South-East Asia. The influence of Greece-Buddhist art also spread northward towards Central Asia, strongly affecting the art of the Atari Basin and the Dunging Caves, and ultimately the sculpted figure in China, Korea, and Japan. [10] Kandahar frieze with devotees, hallucinating leaves, in purely Hellenic style, inside Corinthian columns, 1st-2nd century CE. Bunker, Swat, Pakistan. Victoria and Albert Museum Fragment of the wind god Borers, Haddam,Afghanistan.Coin of Demerits I of Bacteria, who reigned circa 200-180 BC and invaded Northern India Buddha head from Haddam, Afghanistan, 3rd-4th centuries Kandahar Poseidon (Ancient Orient Museum) The Buddhist gods Pancake (left) and Harriet(right), 3rd century, Kandahar Taller Buddha of Banyan, c. 547 AD. , in 1963 and in 2008 after they were dynamited and destroyed in March 2001 by the Taliban Statue from a Buddhist monastery 700 AD,Afghanistan See also[edit source I ed itable] Sculptures of Bangladesh Gallery[edit source I editable] Marble stone work, Jailers Gain Temple,Restaurants Seated Changes, sandstone sculpture from Restaurants, India, 9th century, Honolulu Academy of Arts yellow sandstone Sculpture of a Standing deity,11 the century CE,RestaurantsAsia and Africa Indian sculpture Buddhist sculpture Fife and Benign Europe Renaissance in Europe Baroque 18th century Africa and Oceania To be completed HISTORY OF SCULPTURE Timeline More Sharing Serviceable Share on backlasher on milkshake on forefathers on print World Cities Discover in a free daily email today's famous history and birthdays Enjoy the Famous Daily Indian sculpture: from the 3rd century BC The lively traditions of Indian sculpture date back to the first Indian empire, that of the Marry dynasty. Sculptors begin to carve characters and scenes from the stories of Indian's three interconnected animism. Religions -Hinduism, Bud deism and to a lesser extent Read more:http://www. Histor ically. Net/world's/Plenipotentiaries. Asp?Paragraphed=tidbits sculpture: 5th – 6th century AD Buddhism moves out of India and into Afghanistan (where the two great rock-carved Buddha of Banyan, from the 6th century, reveal the influence Afghanistan until destroyed by Taliban in 2001). It then continues east along thesis Arrowheads China. Paragraphed=edge#ixzz2c6zKdbCoForms Of Sculptures In India Indian sculptures of numerous sorts have evolved gradually. Since pre-historic era, the sculptures are everyday soaring new dimensions on India. Indian sculptures offer a truly diverse variety. The creation of sculptures aimed at fabrication of an undying piece of art which is long-lasting.As the sculptures of India Journeyed various eras and witnessed various dynasties, there is a vast variety seen among them in terms of styles and materials used. Sculptures of the Indus Valley The story of Indian art and sculpture dates back to the Indus valley civilization of the 2nd and 3rd mille nnium BC. Tiny terra-cotta seals discovered from the valley reveal carvings of appeal leaves, deities and animals. These elemental shapes of stones or seals were enshrined and worshipped by the people of the civilization. Two other objects that were excavated from the ruins of the Indus valley indicate the level of achievement that Indian art had attained in those days. The bust of a priest in limestone and a bronze dancing girl show tremendous sophistication and artistry.In the 1st century AD, the position changed somewhat radically in art and sculpture. The human figure replaced the symbolic representation of Buddha and his teachings. Though Buddha opposed the idea of idol worship, his cult image was established and became essential for acts of worship. The Mature and the Kandahar schools of sculpture imparted human form to Buddha image. To emphasis his divinity, this human form was depicted with features like a halo around the head, the drachma's engraved upon his palms and soles of his feet, and the lion throne representing his royal ancestry. These early stone images of Buddha are awe-inspiring in terms of size and magnificence.The link between dance, drama, literature and art became crucial to aesthetic expressionism in centuries to come. This new era in art and sculpture witnessed a unique fusion, a synthesis embodied in the caves at Junta and Lealer and the temples of central and South India. Located north-east of Bombay, near Arranged, Junta and Lealer are two astonishing series of temples ca centuries. Khartoum out of living rock over the course of fourteen The tranquil town of Khartoum, in the central state of Madhya Pradesh boasts of the best medieval temples in India, known all over the world for their erotic sculptures. These glorious temples are the state's most famous attraction.Amid green lawns and brilliant pink flowers is a complex of temples, glowing with the armor of sandstone and ornamented with the sinuous curves of sculpture unparallele d in their beauty. Out of the 85 temples built originally, only 22 survive today. These temples were created by the Candela rulers in the Indo-Aryan style. Elephant Caves The most profound aspect of the mighty Shiva is in evidence at the Shiva temple in the Elephant caves. Situated near Bombay, these caves present an introduction to some most exquisitely carved temples. One can witness a symphony in stone in praise of Lord Shiva, created by Indian's expert stone carvers of the sixth century.

Frankenstein by Mary Shelley - 640 Words

â€Å"During my first experiment, a kind of enthusiastic frenzy had blinded me to the horror of my employment; my mind was intently fixed on the consummation of my labour, and my eyes were shut to the horror of my proceedings. But now I went to it in cold blood, and my heart often sickened at the work of my hands.† (Shelley, 178) The Romantic Movement began in the 1970’s and ended in the 1850’s. One of the key ideas shared by Romantics was that a literal and metaphorical return to nature was necessary. They believed that the individual was the most important part of society. Romantics rejected the Scientific and Industrial Revolution. They believed that cities prevented individuals from discovering the sublime. Mary Shelley’s Romantic and Gothic novel, Frankenstein, opens with a series of letters from Robert Walton, an explorer, to his sister. Throughout these letters, Victor Frankenstein’s story is told. He was born into a wealthy family, and studi es at a well-known school, where he develops an interest in biology. Eventually, Frankenstein is able to bring corpse back to life. He is horrified by his creation and abandons the monster. The monster eventually kills everyone that Frankenstein loves and in doing so, he also indirectly kills Victor. The monster then feels guilty and kills himself. Frankenstein reflects the Romantic views of Mary Shelly. There are many Romantic elements in Frankenstein. There is the evident dehumanization of the Industrial Revolution. Shelley alsoShow MoreRelatedFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1650 Words   |  7 Pagesbook of Frankenstein does one just think of a mythical science fiction book that really has no meaning? Frankenstein can have numerous meanings depending on how a person perceives it. Frankenstein can be analyzed into many themes; some say religion, feminism, or scientific symbolization, it all depends on ones own perception. When one analyzes further into Mary Shelly’s life and then interprets the novel it is obvious that is a sociological theme. One can simply assume that Mary Shelley creates FrankensteinRead MoreFrankenstein by Mary Shelley1093 Words   |  4 Pagesfaster than man can contend with. That argument is the premises, moral, and plot base for Mary Shelleys tale Frankenstein. On the other hand, J. Michael Bishops, essay Enemies of Promise   on the other hand promotes and boast sciences achievements. However, Mary Shelley presents her point of view subtly yet very dramatically, which is much more effective than that of J. Michael Bishop. The dramatic story Shelley creates becomes a part of the reader, therefore holding the readers attention. ShelleysRead MoreMary Shelley Frankenstein859 Words   |  4 Pages Mary Shelley The Creature in Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus† needs a companionship as every ordinary human. Every man needs a woman, who will able to share moments of happiness and sadness, a woman who will be able to share thoughts and of course a woman who will be able to love a man. In this case the Creature needs a bride. But the problem is that the Creature from the â€Å"Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus† is not a human. SoRead MoreFrankenstein, by Mary Shelley1138 Words   |  5 PagesIs Frankenstein a man, whose ambition led to a disaster; or a monster, which created a life with disregard for the human race? Frankenstein, in my opinion, was the monster not the life that he had created. Frankenstein never admitted to his family what he had done, never admitted responsibility for his actions. He might as well have killed Elizabeth, William, Justine, and Clerval with his own hand. The so called â€Å"Monster† only wanted companionship; he did not want to murder those people. TheRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1325 Words   |  6 PagesI have been informed that you are pushing to remove the book Frankenstein by Mary Shelley from the school curriculum. I’ve decided to write to you and explain why I believe that you are misinformed, and in fact, why this is a huge importance to the students of today. Frankenstein is a classic which recounts the life and horrors of Victor Frankenstein, as told through a series of letters and narrations. His obsession with the natural world and science brings him to a state of mind which ultimatelyRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1580 Words   |  7 PagesFrankenstein by Mary Shelley is a sci-fi novel written during the Romantic Movement in Britain’s early nineteenth century. The movement was stimulated by the French Revolution, Industrial Revolution and in reaction against the emphasis on reason in eighteenth-century Enlightenment philosophy (The Romantic Movement, 2014 ). Mary Shelley’s husband, Percy Shelley was also a romantic poet during the movement. Shelley’s novel is evidently influenced by her relationship with her husband, which is illustratedRead MoreFrankenstein by Mary Shelley739 Words   |  3 Pagesinterconnections of humanity, nature, and divinity (â€Å"Romanticism 1†). English Romanticism being trendy in Europe, people would vent their outlooks onto their personal fiction works such as Mary Shelley. Shelley uses vivid creativity and romantic elements to create one of her admired novels, Frankenstein. In Shelley’s novel, Frankenstein, most of the characters prove their compassion for mankind, prove their rejection of technology and science, and prove their involvement in a romantic quest. These several characteristicsRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1040 Words   |  5 Pages In 1818, a book titled Frankenstein was published anonymously, mysteriously dedicated to William Godwin, a prominent journal ist and political philosopher of his time. The immediate reviews of the novel were mixed, most edging towards critical, although no one knew who the book was written by. However, while Frankenstein failed to gain popularity immediately, no one had any idea the lasting impact this novel would have on the world. Despite the lukewarm reception at its debut, it soon proved to beRead MoreFrankenstein, by Mary Shelley1078 Words   |  5 PagesMary Shelley’s Frankenstein has undoubtedly withstood the test of time. Frankenstein’s direct association with fundamental Gothic literature is extremely renowned. However, the novel’s originality is derived from the foundational thematic values found within the relationship (or lack there of) between Victor Frankenstein and the monster he had created, in combination with a fascinatingly captivating plot. Understandably, Frankenstein can often be associated with a multitude of concepts; however,Read MoreFrankenstein, By Mary She lley1532 Words   |  7 PagesLike any author, especially one who created a new genre, there will be criticism, and Shelley is no exception. Shelley received criticism surrounding Frankenstein not only because she was a female writer, but because of her writing style. Originally, Frankenstein was published anonymously and was thought that her husband, Percy Shelley, wrote it (â€Å"Mary Shelley Biography† 2016). Shelley may have published Frankenstein anonymously because â€Å"’women understood that they got a â€Å"better hearing† if it was thought

Developing A Warranty Cost Model - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 15 Words: 4600 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Chapter 2: literature review. 2.1. Introduction to Reliability: The reliability expression may sometimes be unclear in general logic due to the differences in understanding it among customers. Each customer can define reliability from a different point a view. As an example; a customer may define it as cheap product which has a long guaranteed life cycle period and in the meanwhile works hardly enough. Whereas another customer may define it as a reasonable price product which has a life cycle period and will definitely work as intended. (Institute et al., 1968) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Developing A Warranty Cost Model" essay for you Create order The concept reliability is very clear and understandable in the practical and industrial world. Reliability of a product, process, or system is the probability that it will perform as specified, and under certain condition, for a specified period of time.(2Blank, 2004) Reliability is known as the likelihood of a product, machine or a component, to keep doing its intended task without breaking down under precise conditions for a given period of time. (Yang, 2007) (Yang, 2007) The above expression holds three significant essentials to ensure the full understanding of reliability: To know the planned function or task of a product, machine and component. To know the planned duration specified relating to a product, machine and component. To know the environment surrounding where the product, machine, and component, suppose to be working at. Knowing these three essentials conditions will allow us to estimate the product, machine or component reliability capability from the first instance. 2.1.2. Reliability Engineering Studies: The purpose of reliability engineering studies is to control, or to make sure that a product, machine or component will be reliable under normal operation in a specified studied manner, as well as away from breaking downs. (Smith, 1972) Reliability engineering studies are science used to minimize the outcome effects and possible behaviour which will result in maximizing reliability. There are three necessary conditions to achieve the previous statements: To build a maximum reliability consideration into a product, machine and component, during the design and development stages; this consideration is known to be the most critical point due to its responsibility in inherent reliability. To cut down production process differences; this will guarantee that the process will not deliberately degrade the inherited reliability. Once a product is manufactured. A well maintained operation should be commenced; this will prevent the performance degradation and will extend the product life.(Hartman, 2007) These considerations are presented within a large selection of reliability techniques, as an instance; reliability planning and specification, fault tree analyses, accelerated life testing, degradation testing, reliability verification testing and warranty analysis.(Yang, 2007) 2.1.3. Reliability Main Factors: To judge on the reliability of any product, there are factors should be known, as an instance: Intentional usage or application. Product, machine and component specification. Price. Customer expectations. Level of inconvenience caused by product, machine or component breakdown. 2.1.4. Reliability Measurements: In a view of the fact that reliability is measured by probability or likelihood, any effort to measure it will engage the usage of statistical methods. Therefore statistics are very important tools in relating to reliability studies. (Yang, 2007) 2.1.5. Reliability Formula: Warranty and reliability share the same patterns for an economic sense to be observed. Reliability has been identified as the likelihood of a product to keep performing its intended task without breaking down. R= reliability. P (s): success probability. N: number of attempted trails. S: number of success. F: number of failures. Reliability mainly presents the successes and failures in a process, where a good economic warranty cost model has high accuracy in reliability prediction. Design for Reliability: Overview of the Process and Applicable Techniques. 2011. Design for Reliability: Overview of the Process and Applicable Techniques. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.reliasoft.com/newsletter/v8i2/reliability.htm. [Accessed 19 March 2011]. 2.1.6. Reliability Improvement: There are many ways by which the reliability can be affected, below are two ways: Quality is the integration of features and characteristics of a product or a service, to enable us to meet the needs and specific requirements. Repetition of the same task causing financial and labor waste. (6Condra, 2001) 2.1.7. Reliability Applications: Various phases of a power plant such as construction, production and maintenance shall apply the reliability data analysis. Such a data might be (Heyman, 1988)applicable for production planning, benchmarking , trend analysis, plant components improvement, risk issues, RCM , spare parts optimization, Design review , Structural reliability. (Heyman, 1988) Data on existing units can be effectively useful for benchmarking the unit performance, during RCM, failure preventions, the spare parts optimization.(Heyman, 1988) 2.1.8. Reliability Prediction Science: It is considered to estimate the effects of the choices made prior the system is built or put into service. Reliability prediction handles the analysing of products with the help of models better than real systems to supply a solid foundation for testing, analysing, planning, manufacturing, and estimating reliability. An ideal example of reliability prediction is to predict the system of specified design and specified group of components in an ideal working environment. At the end of the prediction the reliability of the same system should be tested in a different surroundings from those which data and prediction were obtained from earlier.(3Blischke and Murthy, 2000) Reliability prediction procedure is attempted at the very first steps of improving a program to hold up the design procedure. Commencing a reliability prediction helps in supplying clear demands of reliability enhancement within the improvement stage, and the knowledge of the possibilities of failure of the equipment in its operation life. The advantage of applying reliability prediction, machinery designs are able to develop, money is saved rather than spending on poor designs and time is preserved concerning testing. A widely used way for prediction the reliability of machinery is based on database usage, however this way is not probable due to variety types of failure rates which dramatically happen to similar products.(Geitner and Bloch, 2006) 2.1.9. Objective of Reliability Prediction: The importance of reliability prediction lies down under several points: The reliability prediction should be implemented as an assurance program in different sections of a plant. Repairing decisions are taken when and where problems appear.(Kececioglu, 2002) 2.1.10. Taxonomy Related to Reliability: Availability: It can be defined as the probability that the component will function at any random time. Mean time to failure (MTTF): The time that elapses until a failure occurs. Mean time between failures (MTBF): It is the average time between failures. It is used for repairable systems. Failure Rate: The failure rate in a time interval which is the probability that a failure per unit time occurs in the interval given. Hazard Function: The failure rate limit as the interval approaches zero.(Pham, 2006) 2.2. Reliability Centred Maintenance: The word maintenance from the engineering point of view is: to take the necessary action to maintain or restore equipment and machinery, or system to determine the practical requirement to achieve maximum validity. This includes corrective maintenance, preventive maintenance, and predictive maintenance. What is maintenance? Definition and Meaning. 2011. What is maintenance? Definition and Meaning. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/maintenance.html. [Accessed 19 March 2011]. Reliability centred maintenance or (RCM) can be expressed as an advanced study into maintenance, which joins the maintenance of interactive applications, preventive, predictive, and proactive, as well as the formation of plans to make the most of the life of the product, and also to ensure proper function for the product, machine and component at the lowest possible cost. Introduction to Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) Part 1. 2011. Introduction to Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) Part 1. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.plant-maintenance.com/RCM-intro.shtml. [Accessed 19 March 2011]. 2.2.1. Preventive Maintenance: Preventive maintenance is the programme of planned maintenance, which aims to prevent the collapse and failure. The main objective of preventive maintenance is to prevent the failure of equipment before it happen. It is designed to maintain and improve equipment reliability by replacing worn components before they fail in practice. Preventive maintenance activities include equipment checks and repairs, partial or complete checks at fixed intervals, oil changes, and lubrication and so on. In addition, workers can record equipment deterioration so they know when to replace or repair defective parts before they cause system failure. It would be an ideal preventive maintenance program to prevent all equipment failure before it happens. Preventive Maintenance. 2011. Preventive Maintenance. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.weibull.com/SystemRelWeb/preventive_maintenance.htm. [Accessed 19 March 2011]. 2.2.2. Predictive Maintenance: Techniques help to determine the status of equipments in service in order to predict when you must perform maintenance. This approach offers cost savings over routine preventive maintenance. What Is Predictive Maintenance?. 2011. What Is Predictive Maintenance?. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-predictive-maintenance.htm. [Accessed 19 March 2011]. 2.2.3. Terms and Goals of Using Reliability Cantered Maintenance: The majority of maintenance organizations classify the goals of using (RCM) by the below listed steps: Scheduling the tasks by its priority. Consider the safety prospective. To be familiar with the machinery capabilities; each type of machinery will have different performance type. Knowing the failure causes; to recognize when the right moment to reduce it is. Using skilled staff; to help out in scheduling priorities. Practicing preventative tasks; to help in knowing the machinery status. Disposing and replacing the damaged components; to ensure the effectiveness of the other related parts. Standards must be identified for each step mentioned above. It is important that the steps are done by the same staff who are responsible of the function and operation of the plant.(Tweeddale, 2003) The conditions to develop a sufficient (RCM) program depend on the success of using the observation and statistical methods, because sometimes both methods depend on each other. 2.3. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis: Mechanical failures are introduced as any significant changes regarding size, shape or material characteristics in a system. The first and main responsibility of any mechanical designer is to make sure that the design produced is capable of doing its function properly, meets the designated life time and most important is to be competitive in the market. Estimating and identifying all possible modes of failure which may restrict the functionality of the design will ensure the success in designing. The designer must be familiar with the variety collection of failure modes presented in the work sites as well as the circumstances leading to it, so the designer becomes ready to prevent failure from occurring once again. The designer should preferably have an on hand experience to investigate predictable failures in a professional manner, thus failures could be prevented in future. It is clear that the failure analysis, prediction, and preventative are significant to be known to every designer.(5Collins, 1993) The term behind the failure can be known as the failure to meet some specific performance measurements. Different between definitions terms such as defects, malfunction, fault and reject are usually vital in comparing causes of failures, as well as in the categorizing and analyzing of provided information. The different between the terminologies is mainly to define the types of failure, reasons, and level of failure. For any introduced definition of failures there are no doubts in introducing reliability. Because the failure is the absent of the specification and so changes in performance capabilities occur. (Smith, 2005) The estimation of the data could be done by two methods, first by using history data; this will enable us to have a look at similar machinery which may had experienced identical problems, warranty data, and customer feedback. Second method is conducted, by using several mathematical methods, models and simulations. Dealing with (FMEA) does not always mean that one way is better or more accurate than the other; both of the methods can be used if applied correctly. The proper way in commencing (FMEA) will result is providing helpful data which can help in reducing the hazards relating to work load in a system, product and service. The (FMEA) is one of the most efficient ways considered in preventative maintenance. The (FMEA) will help in having knowledge about what is suitable correction tasks should be done to keep failures away from happening. An effective and successful (FMEA) system could be recognized by meeting these objectives, first recognize the known and possible failures modes, and then reasons of failures. Schedule the failures modes according to the highest risk level, and finally follow up the work done to ensure the correction of the failure.(Stamatis, 2003) 2.3.1. When and Where To Use Failure Mode and Effects Analysis: The (FMEA) procedure is extensively used in different stages, regarding product designing and manufacturing processes. It offers a well organized structure and an easy way to communicate amongst the team of manufacturers. It can be used as well in developing services which will help production process.(McDermott et al., 1996) Traditional failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) are mainly used models in warranty cost among other models in the automobile industry. (Majeske, 2003) An essential term to inherent reliability into a product or system is by recognizing the failure causes, and making sure they are removed or that their likelihood of happening once again is low. This thought can be done by conducting tests, or logically by using models. Failure mode and effects analysis is a planned way in clarifying the origin of failures modes, and it is considered to be a sufficient reliability schedule, especially it links to reliability development throughout design stage.(7Denson, 2006) 2.4.4. Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP): Risk analysis is an orderly and systematic method for Examination system and risk management. In particular, are often used as a risk and operating Technique to identify potential hazards in the system and identify interoperability problems. It assumes that events are caused by the risk of design or operating intentions. This approach is a unique feature of risk and vulnerability to treatment methodology that helps to stimulate the imagination of the team Members when exploring potential deviations. Figure (2) shows a sample of HAZOP system.(Organisation and Safety, 1988) Figure (1) a sample of HAZOP system Hazard Operability Studies (Hazops) 1 of 2. 2011. Hazard Operability Studies (Hazops) 1 of 2. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.lihoutech.com/hzp1frm.htm. [Accessed 19 March 2011]. 2.3.2. Failure Prevention: Failures are predictable, sooner or later all products, machines and component will experience failure due to many reasons.(Yang, 2007) In any engineering system failures are expected. The effects of failures differentiate from little inconvenience costs to financial drops. Failures happen due to various factors, such as: Bad engineering design. Manufacturing process errors. Insufficient testing. Human mistakes. Poor maintenance. Misuse. In order to reduce failures or breakdowns in any engineering systems, there are some methods should be followed: Identify the cause and the way the failure happened. Identify how many times do the failure tends to repeat. Reliability handles the failure concepts in details via different statistical approaches. Whereas safety tries to study, specify, measure, determine, and analyze the failure.(Verma et al., 2010) 2.4. Introduction to Hazard: The accurate understanding of hazard is appreciated due to its criticality. It supplies us with the base foundation of a system safety. Hazard analysis is conducted to identify hazards consequences, and hazard main factors, As well as to determine the risks facing the system. To carry out hazard analysis in a proper manner, it is essential to recognize what causes hazards and how to define hazards. Understanding the hazard character is an important issue to improve the skills needed to identify potential hazards and their results in a system design.(Ericson, 2005) 2.4.1. Hazard Analysis: This analysis involves describing the complete process first, and then collecting the answers for a set of systematic questions. The purpose is to identify how exactly the deviations from the design can arise.   These deviations are further assessed by any negative effect of their consequences on the safe and efficient operation of the plant.   The assessment would provide a basis for any action to be taken to cure this situation. From an engineering point of view, hazard analysis process is the best tool for analyzing reliability data. It can be used to make conclusions about the reliability of a component. (12002) 2.4.2. Survival Analysis: Survival function, also known as a reliability function of the survivors, is a property of any random variable that maps a set of events, usually associated with failure of some system. 2.4.3. Hazard Rate Function: Hazard rate function can be obtained by an equation which assumes a constant hazard rate. 2.4.5. Bathtub Curve: Figure (2) illustrates the bathtub curve which demonstrates the product failure rate against time. Any product cycle life can be divided into three separate durations: The first duration (early life): This duration where the failure probability is decreased to minimum. . It what happens in the early life of most new products, sometimes the first period is mentioned as the mortality period. The second duration (normal life or useful life): This is represented in the graph by a flat line. Failures and breakdowns happen randomly within this duration. In this period the failure rate tends to become somehow constant. During this period the lowest failure rate is observed, so it is the most appropriate time to make reliability predictions. The third duration (wear out): this begins where the slope starts to rise till the end. This typically happen to products when they get old, thus the failure rate increases. Wear out is usually caused by break down due to various reasons such as physical wear and stress.(speaks, 2005) Figure (2) a bathtub curve. A Brief Introduction to Reliability. 2011. A Brief Introduction to Reliability. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.weibull.com/LifeDataWeb/a_brief_introduction_to_reliability.htm. [Accessed 19 March 2011]. 2.5. Statistical Models for Life Data: Statistical models for life data such as weibull distribution, survival analysis and warranty help in producing high accuracy in prediction. The automobile manufacturing having relied heavily on warranty interval in its warranty provision inclines more in reliability and therefore seek such analysis. (Ward and Christer, 2005) 2.5.1. Weibull Distribution: The weibull distribution is named after a Swedish professor Waloddi Weibull. He explained the ability to use the weibull distribution in small sizes measurements and it is easiness to supply an accurate model for a broad data sets. At the beginning of his exploring weibull distribution he faced some obstacles and doubts form his colleagues. However, the weibull distribution has ended now to be widely practised in reliability.(8Dodson, 2006) A reason for the wide spread of the weibull distribution is that it has a large different shapes, which makes it easy to fit any data. Also, it is perfect to show the weakest connection of a product. For example, if a system has more than one part, the weibull distribution will present each failure time of each part at the same distribution no matter how insignificant they are .(Nelson, 2003) Figure (3) is a sample of weibull a distribution plot. Figure (3) a sample of weibull distribution plot. Guidelines for Burn-in Justification and Burn-in Time Determination. 2011. Guidelines for Burn-in Justification and Burn-in Time Determination. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.reliasoft.com/newsletter/v7i2/burn_in.htm. [Accessed 19 March 2011]. 2.5.2. Kaplan Meier Survival Estimator: The Kaplan Meier estimator is named after Edward L. Kaplan and Paul Meier. It estimates the survival function. In engineering this method is used to measure the time until failure of different products, machine and components. Kaplan EL, Meier P. J Am Stat Assoc 1958; 53:457-81. [Cited by: McKenzie S, et al. JOP. J Pancreas (Online) 2010 Jul 5; 11(4):341-347. (Reference 14)]. 2011. Kaplan EL, Meier P. J Am Stat Assoc 1958; 53:457-81. [Cited by: McKenzie S, et al. JOP. J Pancreas (Online) 2010 Jul 5; 11(4):341-347. (Reference 14)]. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.joplink.net/prev/201007/ref/02-014.html. [Accessed 19 March 2011]. 2.5.2.1. Formulation: Where: t (1) t (2) t (n) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" ordered failure and censoring data; E = k, if k n and E = n, if k = n; dj = number of failures at t (i) 2.5.3. Exponential Distribution: This is the most commonly used distribution in reliability, and is often used to predict the probability of survival to time (t) figure (4) shows a sample of exponential distribution graph.(9Dovich, 1990) Figure (4) a standard exponential distribution graph Continuous Random Variables: The Exponential Distribution. 2011. Continuous Random Variables: The Exponential Distribution. [ONLINE] Available at: https://cnx.org/content/m16816/latest/. [Accessed 19 March 2011]. 2.5.3.1. Formulation: The probability density function is: Where Mean time to failure = Or, where 2.5.4. Disadvantages and Advantages of Statistical Method: Cost; studying and analyzing a quantity of data of different products within a system are an expensive job. The results revealed are not sufficient enough to build an understanding of the type of maintenance needed in this particular situation. The only disadvantage of the observation method appear is when applying it carelessly and without keeping record of foundings, this will result in mixing up different judgements.(4Chalifoux and Baird, 1999) 2.6. Introduction to Warranty: Warranty is a provision for a seller to provide assurance to a buyer that the product will perform as implied. (Zhou and Tang, 2008) Warranty brings confidence to the buyer; automotive vehicles like any other automated system consider warranty to a buyer. (Wu and Li, 2007) Unlike the quality loss function which assumes a fixed target and accounts for immediate issues, warranty loss occurs during the customer use. (Zhou and Tang, 2008) In automotive industry, data is tracked and analyzed regularly (Zhou and Tang, 2008). The interval can be evaluated on the basis of their costs. The effect of warranty especially in the context of the interval, affects the performance of the company especially if the number of returns on warranty is high. (Wu and Li, 2007) Neglecting the fact that warranty cost is a result of conflict between the customer expectation and the performance of the product, the interval of the warranty liability disturbs the economic sense of warranty. (Wu and Li, 2007) Warranty costs have in many companies been positioned as operational costs. (Ward and Christer, 2005) The impact of warranty in the whole business performance has challenged vehicle manufacturers to develop vehicles that are less costly to repair (Metric: Warranty $s) and are more reliable within a longer period of time. (Metric: annual failure rates, AFR) For this purpose to be done, warranty cost models that make the impact of reliability on cost and costs associated with repair of specific failure modes should be economically healthy. (Wu and Li, 2007) 2.6.1. Warranty Probability: The ratio as Pw is termed as the warranty probability (Ward and Christer, 2005). The warranty probability is the ratio of the number of complaints N against the total number of products Tp. Pw Another factor that is important in warranty cost analysis is the complaint factor. (Ward and Christer, 2005) The complaint factor is the ratio of the actual number of complaints and the potential number of complaints where the actual number of complaints is the number of actual complaints fixed. (Ward and Christer, 2005) The method for calculating the warranty probability depends on product performance and customer expectations. (Wang et al., 2010) The distance of performance is a function of the warranty interval. (Ward and Christer, 2005) It is supposed that as time passes, the distance of performance increases, this is the common feature referred to as mileage. In motor vehicles the time age of the car has been consistently assumed to be a factor representing its use. (Manna et al. 2008) Despite the fact that mileage can be determined, the correlation between mileage and age of the car is strong and positive. (Manna et al. 2008) Since vehicles manufacturing designs and model change with time, the automobile industry prefer attaching warranty to age of the vehicle rather than calibrated mileage. Warranty is a key factor in bringing confidence to a buyer. The higher the warranty time, the more the confidence is the buyer. (Manna et al. 2008) 2.6.2. Warranty Distribution Analysis: Feedback from warranty returns provides a solid basis in determining use failure distribution. (Murthy, and Blischke, 2006) The time interval as a factor contributes significantly to predictions. The warranty intervals are the most solid factor that can be used in assessing the failures prediction. By maintaining warranty and assessing failures for a longer period of time, more knowledge on the performance especially for automated systems is achieved. (Murthy, and Blischke, 2006) Reasons for carrying out warranty data analysis are the following: Forecasting warranty claims. To determine risk assessment and monitoring. Reliability assessment.(12002) 2.6.3. Reduction strategies for cost drivers There are two factors that have been identified as primary warranty cost drivers. The number of occurrence of an event which can be noticed by the analysing failure rate and the cost of the process are the identified cost drivers. (Attardi et al., 2005) The strategies employable for reduction of costs are by reducing the factors. (Attardi et al., 2005) 2.6.4. Cost model in product development The cost model has been used in product development in making economic sense of organizational existence. (Karim and Suzuki, 2005) Through its impact in influence of decision making by providing design alternatives that come handy in warranty cost, the model establishment should be in advisory of the product development through calculation of estimates of product total warranty cost. (Aldridge, and Dustin, 2006) Difference in warranty costs based on design alternatives provides a short projection of the optimized design that maintains both customer confidence through warranty and economic advantage to the organization. (Attardi et al., 2005) Identification of necessary product features, capabilities and diagnostic tools that are required in automobile projected warranty savings for the warranty intervals is achievable through the cost model in product development. (Aldridge, and Dustin, 2006) Under the foundation of the cost model, the risk involved in the warranty interval can be evaluated by analyzing the risk involved in an extension of warranty in automobiles. (Aldridge, and Dustin, 2006) It should be taken into consideration that the cost model economic impact is dependent on the period of warranty especially with automobiles that are known to wear and tear. (Karim and Suzuki, 2005) Chapter 3: case study (from notes given by doctor) Introduction: Field data in the automotive industry often comes in two types, the first is grouped data expressed by months in service. The second is ungrouped data available from company owned but customer operated fleets and expressed as miles to failure. In many scenarios, data which comes from late stages have a greater importance over the former because of the following reasons: Mileage is more objective measure of the component life than time in service. There are types of failures are not tracked by the warranty system. The complexity of censoring mechanism in relating to reliability analysis of grouped warranty data. Therefore, this theoretical case study will focus on the analysing of ungrouped mileage data which is not represented by time in service, because it comes from the company owned fleets. Aim and objective: To discuss a procedure to estimate the censoring mileage and the reliability function for a component of interest (e.g.: battery). Data: Table 1 shows a format of failure data from a customer operated fleet. The vehicle mileage is reported only at failure or service events. VIN failed / serviced comopnent failure / service mileage X009 battery 45000 X018 fuel pump 91680 X021 brake pads 78470 X006 front wipers 77350 X028 head lamp 4007 X015 clutch disks 150400 X031 front wipers 51420 X003 ign.switch 3961 X013 battery 16890 X007 front struts 27160 X026 battery 72280 X031 battery 131900 X027 door lock 7298 X017 fuel pump 4734 X023 battery 17200 X025 battery 7454 X014 head lamp 23060 X029 front struts 10190 X016 battery 69040 X019 battery 5248 X008 brake pads 40060 X012 brake pads 61960 X012 clutch disks 105700 X005 battery 49390 X020 head lamp 28690 X011 front struts 45670 X025 battery 46580 X022 door lock 37100 X010 clutch disks 53000 X002 battery 38700 X024 fron wipers 6054 X001 clutch disks 69630 X004 brake pads 106300 X030 front wipers 67000 Table 1 illustrates an example of failure data collection If every line in the previous table had experienced a failure mileage of the same type if component (in this case, battery) it would be considered a complete data set. Censored data set appears when only encounter a few failures of a given component within the sample of vehicles. Singly censored on the right means Chapter 4 case study (real life) Chapter 5 discussion and conclusion